Ohio Local Government Law Resource Guide
Introduction
Forms of Ohio Local Government
Ordinances/ Resolutions
Case Law/Local Government Administrative Decisions
Major Treatises and Practice Guides
Study Aids
Journal Articles
Databases and Other Web Resources
Introduction
This guide aims to help students identify Ohio's forms of local government and sources for finding the legal resources they produce. For contextual understanding of the state legal structure within which they function, see our Ohio Legal Research Guide. Other Resource Guides addressing specific aspects of local government include Land Use, Planning, and Zoning Law, Public Administration and the Law, Nonprofit Law, and Education Law.
For assistance finding and searching these or related resources, please contact the CM-Law Library Research Services librarians during their regularly scheduled hours, or via email to research.services@law.csuohio.edu
Forms of Ohio Local Government
Ohio's local governments include counties, townships, municipalities and special districts. They are all creatures of the state, and derive their authority from powers conferred by the state. See:
- Ohio Constitution Article 10 - County and Township Organizations Note especially Sec. 10.03 - County Charters; approval by voters
- Ohio Constitution Article 18 - Municipal Corporations Note especially Sec. 18.07 - Home Rule
- Ohio Revised Code sections providing for establishment of special districts, such as Regional Water And Sewer Districts (ORC Ch 6119) or Park Districts (ORC Ch 1545) or School Districts (ORC Ch 3311)
Forms of Ohio local goverment are proscribed by state law:
- Ohio Revised Code Title 3 Counties - Note especially Ch 301: Organization, Ch 302: Alternative Form of County Government
- Ohio Revised Code Title 5 Townships - Note especially Ch 503: General Provisions, Ch. 504: Limited Home Rule Government
- Ohio Revised Code Title 7 Muncipal Corporations - Note especially Sec. 701.05: Authority of Municipal Corporations, Ch 705 Plans of Government, Ch. 715 :General Powers, Ch 717: Specific Powers
Annotated versions of the applicable constitutional and statutory provisions above provide citations to cases and commentary construing the local government laws and include:
- Baldwin's Ohio Revised Code Annotated (Westlaw - OH-ST-ANN) and in print: KFO 30 1953 .A4
- Page's Ohio Revised Code Annotated LexisNexis ( Legal > States Legal - U.S. > Ohio > Statutes & Regulations > OH - Ohio Statutes, Constitution, Court Rules & ALS, Combined ); via LexisNexis Academic, and in print: KFO 30 1953 .P3
- Local Government Laws and Rules Annotated KFO 430.A29 L63 - 3 vol. annual reprint from the Baldwin's ORC of relevant local government constitutional, statutory, and administrative code provisions with comprehensive annotations
Municipalities (and counties) who have adopted a home rule charter as their framework of governmental organization are not restricted by the statutory forms of government. Charters may be published as part of the municipality's codified ordinances. They are increasingly posted or made available electronically through the city web sites, for example:
- City of Cleveland Charter - Link from the Cleveland City Council web page to Findlaw's Cleveland Charter of the City of Cleveland and Codes.
- City of Lakewood Charter
- Columbus Charter: Link from the City's web site to Municipal Code Corporation's Charter of the City of Columbus
- Summit County Charter : Link from the county's web site to the W.H. Drane Co. Charter of Summit County, Ohio
- Cuyahoga County Charter (as approved by the electorate 11/04/09)
TIP: To determine whether a governmental entity is operated under a charter or one of the statutory forms, check the Ohio Secretary of State's Municipal, Township and School Board Roster |
Special Districts are established pursuant to various enabling statutes, and the requirements of the particular statute dictate the form and depository of their organizational documents. For example, Port Authorities (ORC Ch 4582) might be created by municipal ordinance or township or county resolution (ORC 4582.02) , Metropolitan Housing Authorities (ORC Ch 3735) by decision of the Director of Development and organized as per the statute, or, in the case of Regional Water And Sewer Districts (ORC Ch. 6119), by order of the Court of Common Pleas upon granting the petition of one or more political subdivisons, pursuant to their individual legislative authorities. (See ORC 6119.02)
TIP:To find a special district's organizational documents, check for a historical narrative on its web site or annual report, which may, in, turn help you identify the time frame and location of relevant court documents, resolutions or decisions. |
Ordinances/ Resolutions
How and where the local government entity is to publish or distribute its legislative actions or administrative regulations is usually specified in its organizational documents. See, for example, ORC 731.17 et. seq., or City of Cleveland Charter, sec. 33- 37 ; Summit County Charter sec. 3.04, ORC 504.04 Excercise of powers under limited home rule government (Townships)
- Proposed ordinances or resolutions: May be posted on the entity's website ( See Lakewood, Ohio Public Notices - City Council Docket Agenda,) or announced in an official document of the entity's proceedings, such as Cleveland's weekly City Record
- Municipal Codified Ordinances (as well as the ordinances of the chartered Summit County) are subject arranged publications of the ordinances of permanent nature applicable within the entity. See Municipal Ordinances - Legal Research on the Web for links to the codes of major Ohio cities, municipalities in Northeast Ohio, and sources of municipal codes nationwide.
- Counties or Townships may post their resolutions on the entity's website, as Cuyahoga County Board of Commissioners Resolutions from 2001to date, or Olmsted Township Resolutions, but are not ordinarily published and distributed in bound form.
- Special Districts may post information about resolutions considered and passed, for example Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District Board Agenda ; or they may be published just as are municipal ordinances: See Cleveland Metropolitan Park District's Regulations
TIP: Check how Ohio's Open Meetings and Public Records laws affect the process of deliberation, enactment, accessibility and distribution of local government legislative actions. See the Ohio Legislative Service Commission's Members Only Briefs Ohio's Open Meetings Law(Vol. 126, Issue 9, Sept. 18, 2006) ; and Public Records Law in Ohio (Vol. 127, Issue 13, Oct. 23, 2008) |
Because of the technical nature of many of the issues under government control, legislators often adopt code provisions developed by professional standards organizations, enacting them as by incorporated by reference. The local code may include language that the provisions are adopted "as fully as if set out at length herein." See for example: Cleveland Codified Ordinances Part 3 Building Code Chapter 3111 - Ohio Basic Building Code, or The Ohio Fire Code (see its Preface for an introduction)
Case Law/Local Government Administrative Decisions
Ohio's trial courts are established by state statute with specifically defined jurisdiction and powers:
- Courts of Common Pleas ORC Title 23 ; See Organization, CH 2301; Jurisdiction; limitation of actions, CH 2305
- County Courts ORC CH 1907 ; ORC Ch 1909
- Municipal Courts ORC CH 1901; Jurisdiction 1901.02; Monetary jurisdiction 1901.17 ; Subject matter jurisdiction 1901.18
- Mayor's Courts ORC CH 1905 ; Jurisdiction in ordinance cases and traffic violations 1905.01
To the extent that decisions of these courts result in reported opinions, they will appear as Ohio Miscellaneous Reports. Some are available via the Ohio Supreme Court pull-down menu (select "Miscellaneous" as the source). The Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas posts some of its opinions on its web site. For other courts, opinions may be available via the courts' web pages or dockets. See Courts & Dockets
Decisions of local government administrative agencies, boards and commissions : If a local goverment board or agency has authority to issue decisions, settle disputes, or hear appeals, there is generally no mandate to publish and distribute them. Check the authority's enabling legislation or regulations for the parameters of its responsibility to report: for example County Boards of Revision, ORC 5715.19; Cleveland Board of Zoning Appeals, Cleveland Codified Ordinances Sec. 329.01 ; Rules and Regulations of the Municipal Civil Service Commission of Columbus, Rule XIV Appeal Hearings and Investigations
Major Treatises and Practice Guides
- Local Government Law -- Municipal / John E. Gotherman, Harold W. Babbit, and James F. Lang, 2004 - (Westlaw - OHMUNL) In print, 2 vols. KFO 431 .A6 G67 Only comprehensive current treatise on Ohio municipal law: includes forms, procedural outlines, table of compatible & incompatible offices.
- Local Government Law -- County / William T. Conard II, 2004- . (Westlaw - OCOUNTY) In print: KFO 430 .C64 2004 Only comprehensive current treatise on Ohio county government law .
- Local Government Law -- Township / Rebecca C. Princehorn , 2004 - . (Westlaw - OHTWPL) In print: KFO 430 .A3 2004 Only comprehensive current treatise on Ohio township law.
- Ohio Jurisprudence 3d /. Check topics such as Counties,Townships, and Municipal Corporations; Civil Servants and Other Public Officers and Employees. (Westlaw - OHJUR ; LexisNexis OHJUR). In print: KFO 65 .O3543 . For a more topical encyclopedic treatment: (Westlaw - OHJUR-MUN)
- Ohio Municipal Forms, Clauses & Checklists (Westlaw - OH-MUNFORM)
- Municipal Home Rule in Ohio / George D. Vaubel / W.S. Hein, 1978. KFO 431.9 .H6 V38 The classic, but dated study of Ohio's municipal home rule issues.
- Ohio Planning and Zoning Law (Baldwin’s Ohio Handbook Series), 1997 - . (Westlaw - OHPLZL) In print: KFO 458 .M42
- Local Government Law, 3rd ed. / Osborne M. Reynolds, Jr. / West Hornbook Series. KF 5300 .R49 2009
- Treatise on the Law of Municipal Corporations, 3rd ed., 1939 -/ Eugene McQuillin; Clark A. Nichols and others; Ray Smith, ed. in chief. (Westlaw - MUNICORP) Print: Multi-vol. set. KF 5305 .M33; McQuillin Municipal Law Report (Monthly) (Westlaw - MUNI-LR) Classic and current, national in scope
- Local Government Law / C. Dallas Sands and Michael E. Libonati, John Martinez . (Westlaw - LOCGOVTLAW) / In print: 4 vols. KF 5300 .S26
- Antieau on Local Government Law, 2d ed. / Lexis (ANLOGV)
- Home Rule in America A Fifty State Handbook / Dale Krane, Platon N. Rigos, Melvin B. Hill, Jr. / CQ Press. KF 5305 .Z95 K73 2001
- Municipal Ordinances: Text and Forms, 2nd ed. / Thomas A. Matthews and Byron S. Matthews / (Westlaw - MUNIORD) Multi-volume set. KF 5313 .M3 1972
- Ordinance Law Annotations / (Westlaw - ORDLAWANNO ) / KF 5313 .S5
In the collection, Local Government Law titles national in scope may be found in call number range: KF 5300 - KF 5332 . OHIO Local Government Law titles fall into call number ranges KFO 430-439.
Study Aids
- Government Contracts in a Nutshell, 4th ed. / W. Noel Keyes. KF 850 .K49 2004
- Local Government Law in a Nutshell, 5th ed. / David J. McCarthy, Jr., Laurie Reynolds. KF 5300 .Z9 M3 2003
- State Constitutional Law in a Nutshell, 2nd ed. / Thomas C. Marks, Jr. and John F. Cooper. KF 4550 .Z95 M28 2003
- Understanding Local Government Law / Sandra M. Stevenson. KF 5300 .S74 2003
Journal Articles
See Finding Articles in Law Reviews, Journals and Other Legal Periodicals for an explanation of the legal periodical indexes and databases available to Cleveland-Marshall College of Law students and the CSU community. Selected periodicals/ current awareness services focussing on local government law include:
- Finley's Ohio Municipal Service / Cleveland: West Group, 2003 - . Newsletter of current case developments. (Westlaw - OHMSV) / KFO 431 .A6 G67
- Current Municipal Problems / K 3 .U755
- State and Local Government Review / K 23 .T377
- State and Local Law News (ABA Section Newsletter) / Online / KF 5300 .A15 U7
- Urban Lawyer / HeinOnline / LexisNexis / (Westlaw - URBLAW) / K 25 .R32
TIP: Local newspapers can be a great resource for finding information about proposed or enacted ordinances, decisions of local agencies, and background events that lead to the development or restructuring of local governmental units or districts. Search the local Ohio newspaper files in LexisNexis, Westlaw, Ohio Newspapers Newsbank, Ebscohost Newspaper Source, LexisNexis Academic. |
Databases and Other Web Resources
Ohio Township Association - Statewide organization dedicated to promoting and preserving township government in Ohio. Provides updates on legislation affecting townships
County Commissioners' Association of Ohio - Represents Ohio's 87 Boards of County Commissioners and the Summit County Executive and Council. Promotes best practices in county government administration and managemen. Site includes a range of publications and links to Directory of Elected Officials, including County Commissioners' Handbook
Ohio Municipal League -Statewide non-profit association of municipal and village officials formed tserve the interests of Ohio municipal government. Includes links to Ohio Cities and Villages on the Web
Ohio Secretary of State's Municipal, Township and School Board Roster
Ohio Capitol Connection State legislative and political information and news, including legislation that could have impact on local governments.
LexisNexis > Legal > Area of Law - By Topic > Municipal Government
Westlaw - Municipal Library Multibase (MUNI)
Urban Documents Microfiche Collection /Region Three - includes Ohio. Indexed in:Index to Current Urban Documents. Print: Vol. 1 (1972/73) - vol. 34 (2006) Z 7165 .U5 I654
rev. 11/05/09